Some PAM rates for a collection of proteins

 Observed difference
(percent)
Evolutionary distance
(PAMs / 100 millon years)
 IG kappa chain C region  37
 Kappa casein  33
 Ig gamma chain C region  31
 Lutropin beta chain  30
 Ig lambda chain C region  27
 Complement C3a anaphylatoxin  27
 Lactalbumin  27
 Epidermal growth factor  26
 Somatotropin  25
 Pancreatic ribonuclease  21
 Lipotropin beta  21
 Haptoglobin alpha chain  20
 Serum albumin  19
 Phospholipase A  19
 Protease inhibitor, PSTI type  18
 Prolactin  17
 Pancreatic hormone  17
 Carbonic anhydrase C  16
 Lutropin alpha chain  16
 Hemoglobin alpha chain  12
 Hemoglobin beta chain  12
 Lipid-binding protein A-II  10
 Gastrin  9.8
 Animal lysozyme  9.8
 Myoglobin  8.9
 Amyloid AA  8.7
 Nerve growth factor  8.5
 Acid proteases  8.4
 Myelin basic protein  7.4
 Thyrotropin beta chain  7.4
 Parathyrin  7.3
 Parvalbumin  7.0
 Protease inhibitors, BPI type  6.2
 Trypsin  5.9
 Melanotropin beta  5.6
 Alpha crystallin A chain  5.0
 Endorphin  4.8
 Cytochrome b  4.5
 Insulin (except guinea pig and coypu)  4.4
 Calcitonin  4.3
 Neurophysin 2  3.6
 Plastocyanin  3.5
 Adenylate kinase  3.2
 Triosephosphate isomerase  2.8
 Vasoactive intestinal peptide  2.6
 Cytochrome c  2.2
 Plant ferredoxin  1.9
 Collagen (excluding nonrepetitive ends)  1.7
 Troponin C. skeletal muscle  1.5
 Alpha crystallin B chain  1.5
 Glucagon  1.2
 Glutamate dehydrogenase  0.9
 Histone H2B  0.9
 Histone H2A  0.5
 Histone H3  0.14
 Histone H4  0.10
 Ubiquitin  0.00
   
(Adapted from Table 1. Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, Suppl 3,1978, M.O. Dayhoff, ed. National Biomedical Research Foundation, 1979.)


Correspondence between observed differences between proteins and their evolutionary distance

Observed percentage differenceEvolutionary distance in PAM
 1 1
 5 5
 10 11
 15 17
 20 23
 25 30
 30 38
 35 47
 40 56
 45 67
 50 80
 55 94
 60 112
 65 133
 70 159
75 195
 80 246
 85 328

As the Evolutionary Distance increases, the probability of super-imposed mutation becomes greater resulting in a lower Observed Percent Difference. (Adapted from Table 23. Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, Suppl 3, 1978, M.O. Dayhoff, ed. National Biomedical Research Foundation, 1979.)